桥梁结构倒塌研究
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本研究通过高性能计算机仿真模拟，以更好了解桥梁结构的倒塌过程，为探求事故原因和机理提供依据。
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engine-driven visualization of deactivated elements and its application
in bridge collapse simulation,
Automation in Construction, 2013, 35:471-481.
Abstract:
Element deactivation is one of the most suitable methods in a finite
element (FE) analysis of discontinuous features of collapse accidents.
However, deactivated elements are typically invisible in the general
purpose FE analysis, leading to a very incomplete outcome. To visualize
the deactivated elements, a 3D simulation method of fragments based
on a physics engine is proposed herein. A working system for fragment
simulation is designed by integrating a graphics engine, an FE analysis
and a physics engine. To reduce the extensive computational workload
due to massive fragments, a grid-clustering algorithm for fragment modeling
is also proposed. Using the proposed simulation methodology, the collapse
processes of two bridges are completely replicated. The results demonstrate
a realistic and real-time visual simulation of deactivated elements,
which complements the limitations of the general FE analysis results.
This study provides an important reference for conducting detailed investigations
of bridge collapse accidents.
Keywords: Deactivated elements; Visualization; Fragment simulation;
Physics engine; Bridge collapse
Progressive-collapse
Simulation and Critical Region Identification of a Stone Arch Bridge
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities-ASCE,
2013, 27(1): 43-52.
Abstract: Progressive collapses
of arch bridges have repeatedly occurred in recent years, resulting
in many casualties and significant property losses. Based on an actual
recent and serious progressive collapse of a stone arch bridge, this
paper simulated the complete progressive-collapse process using the
general purpose finite element (FE) program, MSC.Marc. The simulation
adopted a 3D FE model and performed a nonlinear analysis using the contact
algorithm in conjunction with the element deactivation technique. The
potential causes of the progressive-collapse of the stone arch bridge
were also evaluated. Furthermore, the importance of different components
of the stone arch bridge was determined with the conception of generalized
structural stiffness; thus, the most critical and vulnerable regions
of the bridge were identified. The results of the simulated progressive-collapse
process agreed well with the actual process, and the predicted critical
regions were both correct and realistic. This study also provides important
references for the analysis and prevention of progressive collapses
of stone arch bridges.
keywords: Stone arch bridge, Progressive-collapse, Computer simulation,
Element deactivation, Critical regions
超载导致钢筋混凝土拱桥倒塌的破坏模拟
工程力学, 2012, 29(sup.2): 122-127.
摘要：近年来，拱桥倒塌事故频发，本文以某实际钢筋混凝土刚架拱桥倒塌事故为例，建立相应的非线性有限元模型，对因超载导致的拱桥连续倒塌过程进行模拟，并对桥墩底部不同的约束情况进行了讨论。同时，采用基于广义刚度的构件重要性评价方法对该桥梁的构件重要性进行了分析，分析结果与倒塌模拟过程一致。
关键词：拱桥；超载；倒塌；重要性评价
Bridge
collapse scene simulation based on the finite element method and virtual
reality technology,
Proc. 14th Int. Conference on Computing in Civil and
Building Engineering, 2012.06. Moscow, Russia: 194-195.
Abstract: Bridge collapse accidents
often cause significant casualties and property losses. It is important
to investigate bridge collapse accidents to prevent similar catastrophes
from occurring in the future. Computer simulations of the bridge collapse
process play an important role in the discovery of the causes of bridge
collapses. An integrated solution for scene simulation of bridge collapse
that is based on the finite element (FE) method and virtual reality
technology is proposed in this paper. A method of scene modelling was
designed based on the graphics engine open scene graph (OSG) to solve
the rendering efficiency problems caused by the massive amount of FE
data for a bridge. 3-dimension (3D) animations of bridge collapse with
special effects were implemented with the physics engine PhysX to supplement
the shortage of the FE data. In addition, terrain and surroundings were
added to build a complete scene model. The results obtained with this
proposed method are presented via a case study. The scene model of the
bridge is highly efficient and realistic, and the scene simulation of
a bridge collapse is as accurate as the FE simulation, but it is more
realistic and complete. This study provides an important reference for
the analysis of bridge collapse accidents.
Keywords: Scene simulation, bridge collapse, finite element (FE),
Open Scene Graph (OSG), PhysX
石拱桥连续倒塌过程模拟及构件重要性评价,
兰州交通大学学报, 2010, 29(6): 25-30.
摘要：桥梁是国民经济重要的生命线工程，因此桥梁的安全事故会造成严重财产损失和人员伤亡。随着计算机技术的不断进步，计算机仿真在探求桥梁事故原因方面有着良好的应用前景。本文以近年来损失最为严重的石拱桥连续倒塌事故为例，利用大型通用有限元软件MSC.MARC，建立了石拱桥的精细化3D有限元模型，通过接触算法和生死单元对整个倒塌过程进行了仿真模拟，分析了可能的倒塌原因，并从结构广义刚度的概念出发，对石拱桥的各个部位进行了重要性评价。研究结果表明，本文模拟的倒塌过程与实际倒塌过程基本吻合，分析得到的石拱桥关键区域正确合理，可为拱桥的工程设计与施工提供参考。
关键字：石拱桥，连续倒塌，计算机仿真，生死单元，关键区域
钢筋混凝土拱桥构件重要性评价及超载导致倒塌破坏模拟,
计算机辅助工程, 2010, 19(3): 26-30.
摘要：近年来，由于种种原因，拱桥倒塌事故屡屡发生，造成了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡,故对拱桥倒塌问题进行深入研究很有必要。本文以某钢筋混凝土拱桥为例，首先建立相应的有限元模型，采用基于广义刚度的构件重要性评价方法，对拱桥各个构件的重要性进行了分析，指出其关键部位。而后利用清华大学开发的TECS程序模拟了该拱桥因超载而倒塌的过程，其结论可供拱桥倒塌事故原因分析和抗倒塌能力评定参考。
关键字: 拱桥，重要性评价，超载，倒塌
基于有限元和虚拟现实的桥梁垮塌事故场景模拟初探
2010年全国桥梁学术会议论文集，2010.11，南京: 921-927
摘要：为准确认定桥梁垮塌事故责任，需要科学而真实的重现垮塌的事故过程。有限元分析可以保证事故过程力学模拟的科学性，而基于虚拟现实的场景模拟可提供具有充分真实感的图像。本文在有限元软件MSC.Marc中对某一桥梁因车辆超载导致垮塌的过程进行了模拟。基于MSC.Marc的模拟结果，提出了在图形引擎OSG(Open
Scene Graph)中实现了桥梁垮塌真实感场景动画的方法。该方法使场景模拟中桥梁垮塌过程与有限元结果一致，保证了模拟的科学性。同时，本文开发了OSG环境下的桥梁垮塌场景漫游系统。该系统基于桥梁垮塌场景模型构建了具有真实感和科学性的桥梁垮塌场景，更加准确而逼真的还原了桥梁垮塌事故过程。文中工作为实现基于有限元和虚拟现实的场景模拟的提供参考，同时也为桥梁垮塌事故鉴定提供技术支持。
关键词：桥梁 垮塌 有限元 虚拟现实 场景模拟
桥梁在灾害作用下的高性能仿真分析
首届工程设计高性能计算（HPC）技术应用论坛论文集, 2007. 12. 11-12, 上海: 102-110.
摘要: 桥梁是交通生命线的枢纽工程。我国是一个灾害多发国家，且目前处于经济高速发展阶段，各种自然和人为灾害对桥梁工程造成严重威胁。由于灾害的区域性、突发性和毁灭性等特点，所以计算机仿真
技术在解决桥梁防灾问题方面有着突出的优势。本文对清华大学土木工程系开展的基于高性能计算的桥梁防灾研究的代表性成果进行了介绍。包括基于大比例桥梁模型实验对桥梁结构非线性计算方法的探讨和验证。对各种尺度下多种桥梁灾害行为的高性能仿真分析。例如在小尺度范围内研究了单体桥梁受到超重车辆过桥时的动力作用，以及受到超高车辆撞击作用。在大尺度范围内研究了地震行波效应对超长高架桥梁破坏的影响。针对高性能仿真遇到的关键瓶颈问题：桥梁非线性建模问题，开发了桥梁非线性快速建模方法。为深入研究高架桥梁体系在各种灾害下的破坏模式和安全状况提供了依据。
关键词: 桥梁，高性能仿真分析，超载，撞击，地震，快速建模
考虑地震行波效应大型高架桥梁破坏模拟
工程抗震与改造加固, 29(3), 2007, 1-5.
摘要：大型高架桥梁是城市交通的重要生命线工程，准确预测高架桥（高架桥体系）在地震下的破坏模式，对减灾、救灾工程有着重要意义。本文基于高性能并行计算和非线性分析，对大型高架桥梁的破坏进行了模拟，并考虑了地震行波效应、桥墩塑性铰、上部结构落梁等多种破坏模式。计算结果表明本文建议模型可以真实模拟大型高架桥梁的地震破坏。并对主要参数的影响加以讨论，为深入研究高架桥梁体系在地震灾害下的破坏模式和安全状况提供依据。
关键词：高架桥，地震，行波，破坏，模拟